1. Definition & use of computer hardware & software:

(a) Hardware:

(i) Processor.
(ii) Ram.
(iii) Hard Disk.
(iv) Motherboard.
(v) Graphics Card.
(vi) Pen drive.

(b) Software:
(i) Operating systems.
(ii) Device driver.
(iii) Anti-virus.
(iv) Utility software.
(v) Microsoft Office.
(vi) Graphics Design Software.
(vii) Video Editing Software.
(viii) Audio Editing Software.
(ix) Programming Software.
(x) Media Player Software.
Operating systems
What is Operating systems?

An operating system or OS is a software on the hard drive that enables the computer hardware to communicate and operate with the computer software. Without a computer operating system, a computer and software programs would be useless.

Picture of Operating systems:


1. Picture of a Operating systems (Windows 7 ultimate)

Operating System listing

Below is a listing of many of the different operating systems available today, the dates they were released, the platforms they have been developed for, and who developed them.

 

Operating system Date first released Platform Developer
AIX and AIXL Unix and Linux history. Various IBM
AmigaOS Currently no AmigaOS history. Amiga Commodore
Download November 5, 2007 Mobile Google
BSD Unix and Linux history. Various BSD
Caldera Linux Unix and Linux history. Various SCO
Corel Linux Unix and Linux history. Various Corel
Debian Linux Unix and Linux history. Various GNU
DUnix Unix and Linux history. Various Digital
DYNIX/ptx Unix and Linux history. Various IBM
HP-UX Unix and Linux history. Various Hewlett Packard
iOS 2010 Mobile Apple
IRIX Unix and Linux history. Various SGI
Kondara Linux Unix and Linux history. Various Kondara
Linux Unix and Linux history. Various Linus Torvalds
MAC OS 8 Apple operating system history. Apple Macintosh Apple
MAC OS 9 Apple operating system history. Apple Macintosh Apple
MAC OS 10 Apple operating system history. Apple Macintosh Apple
MAC OS X Apple operating system history. Apple Macintosh Apple
Mandrake Linux Unix and Linux history. Various Mandrake
MINIX Unix and Linux history. Various MINIX
MS-DOS 1.x MS-DOS history. IBM Microsoft
MS-DOS 2.x MS-DOS history. IBM Microsoft
MS-DOS 3.x MS-DOS history. IBM Microsoft
MS-DOS 4.x MS-DOS history. IBM Microsoft
MS-DOS 5.x MS-DOS history. IBM Microsoft
MS-DOS 6.x MS-DOS history. IBM Microsoft
NEXTSTEP Apple operating system history. Various Apple
OS/2 1987 IBM IBM
OSF/1 Unix and Linux history. Various OSF
QNX Unix and Linux history. Various QNX
Red Hat Linux Unix and Linux history. Various Red Hat
SCO Unix and Linux history. Various SCO
Slackware Linux Unix and Linux history. Various Slackware
Sun Solaris Unix and Linux history. Various Sun
SuSE Linux Unix and Linux history. Various SuSE
Symbian 1997 Mobile Nokia
System 1 Apple operating system history. Apple Macintosh Apple
System 2 Apple operating system history. Apple Macintosh Apple
System 3 Apple operating system history. Apple Macintosh Apple
System 4 Apple operating system history. Apple Macintosh Apple
System 6 Apple operating system history. Apple Macintosh Apple
System 7 Apple operating system history. Apple Macintosh Apple
System V Unix and Linux history. Various System V
Tru64 Unix Unix and Linux history. Various Digital
Turbolinux Unix and Linux history. Various Turbolinux
Ultrix Unix and Linux history. Various Ultrix
Unisys Unix and Linux history. Various Unisys
Unix Unix and Linux history. Various Bell labs
UnixWare Unix and Linux history. Various UnixWare
VectorLinux Unix and Linux history. Various VectorLinux
Windows 2000 Microsoft Windows history. IBM Microsoft
Windows 2003 Microsoft Windows history. IBM Microsoft
Windows 3.X Microsoft Windows history. IBM Microsoft
Windows 7 Microsoft Windows history. IBM Microsoft
Windows 8 Microsoft Windows history. IBM Microsoft
Windows 95 Microsoft Windows history. IBM Microsoft
Windows 98 Microsoft Windows history. IBM Microsoft
Windows 10 Microsoft Windows history. IBM Microsoft
Windows CE Microsoft Windows history. PDA Microsoft
Windows ME Microsoft Windows history. IBM Microsoft
Windows NT Microsoft Windows history. IBM Microsoft
Windows Vista Microsoft Windows history. IBM Microsoft
Windows XP Microsoft Windows history. IBM Microsoft
Xenix Unix and Linux history. Various Microsoft

Top Twelve Best Operating Systems:

1. Microsoft Windows 7

Windows 7 is the best OS from Microsoft I have ever experienced... 
Easy to install... Crash free... Fabulous Graphics Support for HQ Games.. And more... 
Windows Vista is the worst OS from Microsoft...

Very simple to install and better UI also best security.
Very good themes.

Less virus detector... And fabulous display... Maximum features And many more

Very easy to use

 

2. Windows 8

This is lovely
This is friendly
This is fastest
This is best
All at once it must be on top

Fastest Microsoft operating system yet. It has more security features and adds an extra twist and extra compatibility to Windows.

It is nice... 

It is best from win 7!

 

3. Ubuntu

Ubuntu is a mixture of Windows and Macintosh. Looks like mac but shortcut keys is similar to windows. Great work. I love it

They should sell computers with Ubuntu pre-installed! 
I really like the OS, but the thing that so bad is that it uses java iced tea and not java sun 
But much better than windows Vista

It really rock me. Windows os gets nothing. Haha sorry to all windows users

Ubuntu is super stable and is good for both developers and users


4. Windows 8.1

It is just awesome. It has the start button back, you can boot to the desktop, the start screen can be personalized in more ways with more tile sizes, group naming, more apps and more. The store has apps and a better look. Has a more "metro" control panel and more. IT IS GOT TO BE THE BEST OS FROM MICROSOFT

A great replacement for those who hate windows 8. It is sure to be a success as it has been seen in the past!, Its preview ain't that much but what is instore is awesome!

It's cool! Microsoft included a new way of personalizing, customizing and searching!.. It's free on the web!.. Try download it, and experience the "SMARTEST" version of OS that Microsoft have ever created!.. ;-)

This is Win 8 the way it should be. I usually install classic shell with it but it isn't necessary. If you are straight from Win 7 you will have no problem using it. I tried win 10 and I am back to win 8.1. Some of my computers run win 7 or tiny 7 but this is my favorite.



5. Windows XP Professional

This is all time favorite.. None other than Windows XP

Why though. It's from the early 2000's and was very virus prone, and quite low performance.

Hey it's Really good because it is easy to learn & install & also it fast than other OS

Best hacker-friendly operating system out there. You may say windows 7 is better, but it is that windows 7 is a mix of XP and vista together. So after all, windows XP is best OS, windows related.

XP was the best in my opinion.


6. Linux Mint

First of all "Linux Mint 15 Cinnamon" is "Free" Operating System
1)"Linux Mint Cinnamon 15" is better than "Ubantu 13.04"
2) It is best Operating System I ever used in my Life
3) It is very fast, very user friendly (Like "Windows 7"), Most secure OS
4) Inbuilt NVDIA/ATI Graphics Drivers (No need to install any drivers)
5) It is fully loaded with all software and even it also support Internet Graphics, Audio-Video and Bluetooth connectivity without manually installing any drivers
5) It works great with both Desktops and Laptops
6) Very Stable Operating System
7) Extremely great Graphics (Like MAC-OS), Themes
8) Full Multimedia Support for High Definition movies, High Graphics Games
9) Great Package Manager all softwares are available in that Package Manger Center
10) Inbuilt (VLC) Video LAN Player
11) Libre Office is best but also support Microsoft Office via PlayOnLinux Software (For those who has ...more

Fast and secure, it has everything I want and everything anyone should really need. If you can't find it in mint, it probably doesn't exist.

Mint is a easy to use operating system based on linux, reliable and great for new users. Based on ubuntu, there is a lot of software available on it

It is like windows OS. I like this. ★



7. Mac OS X Mountain Lion

More stable, more reliable than XP, and fun too. So far the best system I have tried. I liked Snow Leopard but this is a definite upgrade. Using Mountain lion with Parallels for Windows applications is smooth as silk.

I tried all of the top ten right now and mountain lion is the best, there is this bootcamp feature and you can install any operating system that you want, but you must make a second mac you can do that using disk utility. (if you want mac and the other OS

It's pretty good OS. I'm using it and I don't have any problems

Although I like OS X Mavericks better it was a great leap from lion which was definitely necessary or OS X Mavericks wouldn't be here.



8. Windows Vista

Those who had trouble with Vista were trying to use it on inadequate hardware. I have been using Vista since its inception. It is stable and fast. Unfortunately many software vendors are neglecting Vista when making upgrades. I have used every version of Windows beginning with Windows 2.0. I have Windows 7 on my notebook but prefer Vista. Windows 8 (all versions) sucks. How can they call it Windows when the applications all run full screen?

Vista 64 is my first and only positive experience with a Microsoft OS. The week it released (Jan '07) I purchased the retail box version 64 bit home premium. OS installed in 15 minutes and had perfectly working 64 bit drivers for every piece of hardware in the system without update or need of component-included driver/install software to operate at full capacity updated to proper drivers shortly after.I didn't have the problem that most complained about. I suspect not enough consumers understood the difference between 32 and 64 bit processing / hardware and its ramifications.My Vista system has been in daily use for the past 8 years without a single software crash. I really don't understand why Vista is generally thought of so poorly.I don't know if I trust this survey considering 2 different versions of Windows XP are on the list bloated, unstable, patch-happy, and slow. I haven't seen a BSOD in a decade, can any XP user claim that?

I have Vista with Service Pack 2 and it is an awesome OS. May have sucked back in its infancy but is now an awesome, reliable, and stable OS with Service Pack 2. Just as good if not better than Windows 7 in my opinion.

Piece of garbage, I believe someone was stoned when they approved this production



9. Download

What about Chrome OS?
Not the same as Download
In a year it will be the number 3 OS

Download 4.1 is a fairly stale operating system with great customization options. Fun withgets will light your way into a a very interesting society, where you control everything. I would recommend this operating system in a heartbeat!

Download is definitely the best operating system because it is an upcoming fairly new OS that is very simple and is very safe in the way of virus protection and speed.

If Download goes desktop that will be great...



10. Fedora

The greatest! Does not crash. FREE. All services built in - web server (apache, php sql), dns server... Etc... - eddie

Fedora is definitively the best operating system out there. All software is out of the box, and with boxes, you can install multiple operating system into fedora. There is no reason to not use fedora over anything else.

Best OS and Free of Cost. Much more uptime compared to windows. Timely Updates, proper use, no crash and Boxes help to build VM under Fedora

It is one of the best operating system. ★



11. Google Chrome OS

Love my Chromebook and it's super fast bootup along with light weight portability. Security like no other OS on the Planet too!

Boots in 7 seconds. Incredibly stable. Lowest cost speed and power. No need for virus-ware. Never lose stuff -- it's in the cloud. Software updates don't require user to download/install. Device performance doesn't degrade over time. Google Cloud Print eliminates the need to download/install printer drivers and works from any device. Great support for Google Remote Desktop and Chromecast. No Windows registry.

Fast booting, easy using, auto updating, cloud storing. I love it!

Super fast. Light and crush free. If internet is almost all you use a computer, then chrome OS is the only choice.



12. Elementary OS

Elementary OS is a Linux distribution based on Ubuntu (which is in turn based on Debian). It makes use of a desktop with its own shell named Pantheon, and is deeply integrated with other elementary OS applications like Plank (a dock based on Docky), Midori (the default web browser) and Scratch (a simple text editor). This distribution uses Gala as its window manager, which is based on Mutter.

Elementary is a great OS, very nice to look at and so easy to use. My wife has had it on her laptop for more than a year, it has never crashed, never locks up it "just works" and of course it is free as in beer and speech.

And of course as it's Linux and based on Ubuntu it has many thousands of free applications to do any thing your ever likely to want to do on a computer.

Well, one of the most underrated operating system on this planet. I've used all the major os like win 7,8, ubuntu, linux mint etc. but this is the only os which made me feel happy to use. AMAZING UI and graphics. Everything in this os is just so... Perfect. LOVE THIS OPERATING SYSTEM. AMAZING work by the developers.

It is very beautiful OS. ★