১. সংজ্ঞাঃ কম্পিউটার Hardware ও Software-এর সংজ্ঞা এবং কাজ।

(a) Hardware:

(i) প্রসেসর (Processor).
(ii) র‍্যাম (Ram).
(iii) হার্ড ডিস্ক (Hard Disk).
(iv) মাদারবোর্ড (Motherboard).
(v) গ্রাফিক্স কার্ড (Graphics Card).
(vi) Pen drive.

(b) Software:
(i) Operating systems.
(ii) Device driver.
(iii) Anti-virus.
(iv) Utility software.
(v) Microsoft Office.
(vi) Graphics Design Software.
(vii) Video Editing Software.
(viii) Audio Editing Software.
(ix) Programming Software.
(x) Media Player Software.
অপারেটিং সিস্টেম (Operating systems)

অপারেটিং সিস্টেম (Operating systems) কি?

একটি অপারেটিং সিস্টেম (Operating systems) হচ্ছে একটি সফটওয়্যার (Software) যা কম্পিউটারের হার্ডওয়ারগুলোকে কম্পিউটারের অন্যান্য সকল সফটওয়্যারের (Software) সাথে কাজ করতে সহায়তা করে। একটি অপারেটিং সিস্টেম (Operating systems) ছাড়া একটি কম্পিটার ব্যবহার অনুপযুক্ত।

নিচে একটি Operating systems software এর একটি ডিস্ক এর চিত্র দেওয়া হল:




বিশ্বে বিভিন্ন platforms এ বহুল ব্যবহ্নত অপারেটিং সিস্টেম (Operating systems) এর একটি তালিকা দেওয়া হল:

 

Operating system Date first released Platform Developer
AIX and AIXL Unix and Linux history. Various IBM
AmigaOS Currently no AmigaOS history. Amiga Commodore
Download November 5, 2007 Mobile Google
BSD Unix and Linux history. Various BSD
Caldera Linux Unix and Linux history. Various SCO
Corel Linux Unix and Linux history. Various Corel
Debian Linux Unix and Linux history. Various GNU
DUnix Unix and Linux history. Various Digital
DYNIX/ptx Unix and Linux history. Various IBM
HP-UX Unix and Linux history. Various Hewlett Packard
iOS 2010 Mobile Apple
IRIX Unix and Linux history. Various SGI
Kondara Linux Unix and Linux history. Various Kondara
Linux Unix and Linux history. Various Linus Torvalds
MAC OS 8 Apple operating system history. Apple Macintosh Apple
MAC OS 9 Apple operating system history. Apple Macintosh Apple
MAC OS 10 Apple operating system history. Apple Macintosh Apple
MAC OS X Apple operating system history. Apple Macintosh Apple
Mandrake Linux Unix and Linux history. Various Mandrake
MINIX Unix and Linux history. Various MINIX
MS-DOS 1.x MS-DOS history. IBM Microsoft
MS-DOS 2.x MS-DOS history. IBM Microsoft
MS-DOS 3.x MS-DOS history. IBM Microsoft
MS-DOS 4.x MS-DOS history. IBM Microsoft
MS-DOS 5.x MS-DOS history. IBM Microsoft
MS-DOS 6.x MS-DOS history. IBM Microsoft
NEXTSTEP Apple operating system history. Various Apple
OS/2 1987 IBM IBM
OSF/1 Unix and Linux history. Various OSF
QNX Unix and Linux history. Various QNX
Red Hat Linux Unix and Linux history. Various Red Hat
SCO Unix and Linux history. Various SCO
Slackware Linux Unix and Linux history. Various Slackware
Sun Solaris Unix and Linux history. Various Sun
SuSE Linux Unix and Linux history. Various SuSE
Symbian 1997 Mobile Nokia
System 1 Apple operating system history. Apple Macintosh Apple
System 2 Apple operating system history. Apple Macintosh Apple
System 3 Apple operating system history. Apple Macintosh Apple
System 4 Apple operating system history. Apple Macintosh Apple
System 6 Apple operating system history. Apple Macintosh Apple
System 7 Apple operating system history. Apple Macintosh Apple
System V Unix and Linux history. Various System V
Tru64 Unix Unix and Linux history. Various Digital
Turbolinux Unix and Linux history. Various Turbolinux
Ultrix Unix and Linux history. Various Ultrix
Unisys Unix and Linux history. Various Unisys
Unix Unix and Linux history. Various Bell labs
UnixWare Unix and Linux history. Various UnixWare
VectorLinux Unix and Linux history. Various VectorLinux
Windows 2000 Microsoft Windows history. IBM Microsoft
Windows 2003 Microsoft Windows history. IBM Microsoft
Windows 3.X Microsoft Windows history. IBM Microsoft
Windows 7 Microsoft Windows history. IBM Microsoft
Windows 8 Microsoft Windows history. IBM Microsoft
Windows 95 Microsoft Windows history. IBM Microsoft
Windows 98 Microsoft Windows history. IBM Microsoft
Windows 10 Microsoft Windows history. IBM Microsoft
Windows CE Microsoft Windows history. PDA Microsoft
Windows ME Microsoft Windows history. IBM Microsoft
Windows NT Microsoft Windows history. IBM Microsoft
Windows Vista Microsoft Windows history. IBM Microsoft
Windows XP Microsoft Windows history. IBM Microsoft
Xenix Unix and Linux history. Various Microsoft
বিশ্বে সেরা ১০ টি অপারেটিং সিস্টেম (Operating systems) এর নাম দেওয়া হল:
1. Microsoft Windows 7

2. Windows 8

3. Ubuntu

4. Windows 8.1

5. Windows XP Professional

6. Linux Mint

7. Mac OS X Mountain Lion

8. Windows Vista

9. Download

10. Windows 10